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Wednesday, September 28, 2011

Bài 13: Danh động từ - Gerund

Trong bài này bạn sẽ được học phần đầu tiên Danh động từ - Gerund.
Chúc các bạn học tốt.

I.DEFINITION:

Gerund is a verb used as a Noun. Gerund is also called Verbal Noun. The form of Gerund and Present Participle is the same. However, their uses are different. 
(Gerund is a verb used là mt  đng t được dùng nhưlà1 danh t. Gerund cũng được gi là Danh Đng T. Hình thc ca Gerund và hin ti hoàn thành ging nhau. Tuy nhiên, cách dùng ca chúng thì khác nhau).
Examples of Gerund:
Learning English is not too difficult.
- Reading is my hobby.

II.UES OF GERUND:

1. Gerund as Subject (Gerund dùng làm ch ng)
e.g.: Swimming is good.
2. Gerund as Object (Gerund dùng làm tân ng).
e.g.: I like swimming.
3. Gerund as Subjective Complement (Gerund dùng làm b sung nghĩa cho chng).
e.g.: His favorite sport is swimming.
4. Gerund after preposition (Gerund dùng sau gii t)
e.g.: I am fund of swimming.
5. Gerund after phrasal verb (Gerund dùng sau các đng t kép):care for (thích), give up (t b), leave off (thôi, ngng), put off (hoãn li), go on/keep on (tiếp tc)….
e.g.:
He gave up smoking last year.
I care for drinking coffee.
6. Gerund after: look forward to (trông mong), be used to/be accustomed to (quen, quen vi), be worth (xng đáng), be busy (bn), there is no (chng còn cách nào), it’s no use/ no good (chng ích gì), Do you mind/Would you mind (xin cm phin), can’t help/ can’t resist (không th không, không khi)…..
e.g.:
I can’t help feeling sad.
7. Gerund after following verbs: admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, imagine, finish, hate, keep, mind, miss, prefer, practice, postpone, start, stop, suggest, try, understand…..
e.g.:
I finished doing my homework.
We stopped talking.

*** NOTES:

- Gerund cũng có thđng sau mo t“the” hoc Tính tshuging nhưdanh t.
e.g.: Do you mind my smoking?
- Bn thân Gerund cũng có túc t riêng ca nó.
e.g.: He gave up drinking alcohol.
- Nhưng khi Gerund cómo t“the” đng trước thì phi thêm gii tu Of gia Gerund và túc tca nó.
e.g.: The reclaiming of land.

** Verbs followed by Gerund of Infinitive:

1. Begin, Start, Continue, Cease: sau các đng t này có thdùng To-infinitive hay Gerund cũng được. Nhưng nếu đng t đi sau là các đng tchtri giác nhưKnow, See, Think, Understand, Realize……thì thường dùng To-infinitive.
It stopped raining.
He began to understand what I was saying.
2. Advise, Allow, Permit, Recommend: sau các đng t này nếu có túc t thì đng t đi sau túc tphi dùng To-infinitive; nếu không có túc t thì dùng Gerund.
e.g.:
- He allowed me to go out.
- He allowed going out.
3. Regret, Remember, Forget: nếu đng t đi sau các đng tnày din t mt hành đng xy ra trước thì dùng Gerund; nếu xy ra sau thì dùng TO-infinitive.
e.g.:
I regret spending so much money.
I regret to be unable to come tomorrow.
He will never forget living in prison.
I forget to bring my English book.
4. Stop:Nếu sau Stop dùng Gerund thì có nghĩa là thôi làm, ngng. Còn nếu dùng To-infinitive thì có nghĩa là dng li đ làm mt vic khác.
e.g.:
- We stop talking.
- Please stop smoking.
- We stopped to ask the way.
- Daisy stopped to have a shoat rest.
5. Try:Nếu dùng To-infinitive thif cos nghĩa là c gng, còn nếu dùng Gerund thì có nghĩa là th.
e.g.:
- He tried to complete his work.
- He tried eating Chinese food. (He had never eaten it before).
6. Need, Require, Want: sau 3 đng t này có thdùng Gerund hoc To be + Part Participleđdin tý bđng.
e.g.:
- Your hair needs cutting.
- Your hair needs to be cut.
7. Used to, Be/Get used to:
a) Used to + Bare Infinitive (din t thói quen trong quá khnay không còn na)
e.g.:
- My brother used to smoke.
- She used to drink a lot of coffee.
b) Be/Get used to + Gerund (quen, quen vi)
e.g.:
- My mother is used to getting up early.
- We get used to drinking tea after dinner.

EXERCISE:

Put the verbs in parentheses in their correct Infinitive or Gerund forms:
1. The children are busy (collect)……..shells on the beach.
2. I don’t much care for (go)……..to that restaurant.
3. Would you mind (answer)…….the phone when it rings?
4. She had to ask the boys (stop)……..(make)………noise.
5. Our teacher has promised (help)……..us (prepare)……..for the exams.
6. I would like (have)………an opportunity of (meet)……you again.
 Click vào đây để tiếp tục học bài 14

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