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Friday, June 14, 2013

Bài 16: Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ từ và động từ

Video ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh hôm nay Thầy Trịnh Thanh Toản sẽ tiếp tục hướng dẫn các bạn bài 16 Sự Hòa hợp giữa chủ từ và động từ. Video ngữ pháp này gồm có 2 phần, ở phần này bạn sẽ được học các quy tắc cơ bản và những chú ý quan trọng giữa sự hòa hợp của chủ từ và động từ. Hy vọng video ngữ pháp bên dưới sẽ giúp bạn hiểu  nhiều hơn về Sự hòa hợp giữa chủ từ và động từ.
Chúc các bạn học tốt tiếng anh.
Good Luck.!

BASIC PRINCIPLE: (Nguyên tắc cơ bản giữa sự hòa hợp giữa chủ từ và động từ)

Singular subjects need Singular verbs; Plural subjects need Plural verbs. (Ch t s ít thì đng tsít, chtschiu thì đng snhiu)
*Examples:
- My brother is an engineer.
- My sisters are dancers.

*RULE 1

As a general rule, use a Plural verb with two or more subjects when they are connected by and. (S dng đng t s nhiu khi đ cp đến 2 danh tkhác nhau và ni vi nhau bng “and”)
e.g.:
-A car and a bike are my means of transportation.
*However, in case the two connected subjects refer to the same person or thing, we use a Singular verb. (Khi t add gia 2 danh tmà nó chđcp đến 1 người hay 1 điu gì đó thì ta dùng đng t s ít.)
e.g.:
- My classmate and best friend is Mary. (Mary va là bn cùng lp và bn thân ca tôi) -> Chđcp đến 1 người nên ta chia đng tsít.

*RULE 2

The pronouns each, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, no one, nobodyare Singular and require Singular verbs. (Luôn chia đng t s ít vi nhng t trên)
e.g.:
- Each of the girls sings well
- Everyone is ready now.

*RULE 3.

When two subjects are connected by or, either/or or neither/nor, the verb agrees with the Second subject. (Khi có 2 ch t kết ni vi nhau bi or, either/or hoc neither/nor, đng t được chia da theo chngth2)
e.g.:
- Either Tome or Jerry has the tickets.
- Neither Jenny nor the others are here now.

*RULE 4

When the Subject is either of or neither of plus a plural noun, we use a Singular Verb. (Khi ch teither of hoc neither of cng vi danh t s nhiu, chúng ta dùng đng tsít.
e.g.:
- Either of these dresses looks good on you.
- Neither of the boys has finished his homework.

RULE 5

If two subjects are connected by words such as along with, as well as, no less than, besides, or not, the verb agrees with the First Subject. (Nếu 2 ch t ni vi nhau bng các t along with, as well as, no less than, besides, hoc not, thì đng t chia da vào Ch t th nht.
e.g.:
- The politician, along with the newsmen, is expected to come shortly.
- The manager, as well as his assistants, has arrived.

*RULE 6

Use a Singular verb with sums of money or periods of time. (S dng đng t s ít vi tin, đơn v đo lường hoc 1 khong thi gian)
e.g.:
- Ten dollars is a high price to pay.
- Five years is a long time for me.

*RULE 7.

When the subject is one of the relative pronouns such as who, whom, which, or that, the verb agrees with the Antecedent. (Khi ch t là 1 trong scác đi tquan hwho, whom, which hoc that, thì đng t hp vi đng t đi trước đó) (Nếu nó thay thếcho sít thì đng ttheo sau là sít và ngược li)
e.g.:
- Mr. Brown is the scientist who writes the reports. (Mr Brown là mt nhà khoa hc sít đng tta chia theo sít thì hin ti đơn He/She/It thêm s/es)
- He is one of the men who do the work. (The men là s nhiu I/You/We/They nên ta dùng Do)

*RULE 8

With words that indicate portions – percent, port, the majority, the minority, some, all, none, a number – look at the noun in your of phrase (object of the preposition) to determine whether to use a Singular or Plural verb. If the object of the preposition is Singular, use a Singular verb If the object of the preposition is Plural, use a Plural verb. (Vi các txác đnh phn – phn trăm, 1 phn, đa s, thiu s, tt c, …..- thì nhìn vào danh t of phrase( danh t ca túc t đng sau) đquyết đnh xem sdng đng tsít hoc snhiu. Nếu túc tca gii tlà sít thì dùng sít. Nếu túc tca stlà snhiu thì dùng đng tsnhiu.
e.g.:
- Fifty percent of the pie has disappeared.
- Fifty percent of the pies have disappeared.
- One-third of the city is unemployed.
- One-third of the people are unemployed.
- All of the pie is gone.
- All of the pies are gone.
- Some of the pic is missing.
- Some of the pies are missing.
- None of the garbage was picked up.
- None of the students were absent.

*RULE 9

Collective nouns such as family, committee, team, crowd, staff…. May be Singular if it is thought of as a single unit or Plural if it is thought of as individuals. (Nhng danh t tp hơp như family, committee, team, crowd, staff Ta dùng s nhiu khi ng cnh nó là snhiu hoc dùng sít nếu ngcnh nói đang là sít.
e.g.:
- The Jackson family is a very happy one.
(The Jackson family is acting as a unit here)
-The staff are in disagreement about the findings.
(The staff are acting as separate individuals in this example.)

*RULE 10

The following subjects are plural and require Plural verb: People, Police, Cattle, Scissors, Trousers, Pants, Shorts, Jeans, Glasses. (Gp nhng t trên luôn chia snhiu)
e.g.:
- Police were coming when the thief tried to escape.
- My trousers are old.
- Her glasses are very expensive.

*RULE 11

The following words end with “s”, but they are singular and require Singular verb: News, Series, Physics, Mathematics, Polities,…..(Khi gp nhng t tn cùng vi “s” trên ta chú ý là chia s ít ch không phi snhiu)
e.g.:
- The news is quite shocking to me.
- I think mathematics is very difficult.

*RULE 12

Some proper names always take as “s” ending, but they require Singular verb, such as: The United States, The United Nations, The Philippines, The Netherlands……..(Mt s danh t riêng luôn luôn có ch“s” theo sau, nhưng ta phi chia dng sít)
e.g.:
- The United States is in America.
- The Philippines is a country in Asia.

*RULE 13

The following nouns are always singular and require Singular verbs: Advice, Furniture, Equipment, Knowledge, Luggage, Money, Homework, Housework, Information. (Nhng danh t trên luôn luôn là sít và chia đng tsít.
e.g.:
- The furniture of this house is nice and comfortable.
- The luggage over there is hers.

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